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Understanding TB in India: From Clinical Symptoms to National Strategy: Q & A Session with an Expert

  • decodeMR Team
  • Jun 25
  • 3 min read

Updated: Jun 26

Welcome to another episode of Inline, brought to you by decodeMR.

 

In this episode, we talk about Tuberculosis (TB). Although it is both preventable and treatable, TB continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide.

 

We are joined by Dr. Monica Gupta, a renowned Pulmonologist and Internal Medicine Specialist from Samvedna Hospital, India who shares valuable insights into the current landscape of TB in the country. Dr Gupta highlights the ongoing diagnostic challenges, and the role of early detection, molecular testing, and patient history in achieving accurate diagnosis. 


Additionally, she explains the psychosocial challenges TB patients face, including the persistent stigma linked to the disease, which often delays care and increases emotional stress. She further discusses post-treatment complications, lifestyle changes, and the role of family support in treating Tuberculosis. Finally, she reflects on India’s National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) and stresses the need for global cooperation and sustained vaccine research to achieve TB eradication by 2030. 


Key discussion points: 


India’s TB Landscape and Post-Pandemic Priorities (1:00) 


  • India has made notable progress in reducing TB incidence between 2015 and 2023, showing a decline of nearly 80% from 2015 levels 

  • Post-COVID, there is a renewed urgency in tackling TB, recognizing that respiratory diseases can no longer be ignored 

  • The government is actively working toward TB eradication by 2030 through programs like the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) 


Complexities in TB Diagnosis (2:05)


  • TB symptoms often mimic other respiratory infections, making it hard to detect in early stages 

  • Symptoms include a chronic cough (lasting more than two weeks), night sweats, fever (especially in the evening), fatigue, hemoptysis (coughing blood), and weight loss 

  • Diagnosis relies on: 

    • Clinical history (especially contact with TB patients) 

    • Basic and advanced tests like sputum smear, chest X-ray, and molecular diagnostics (e.g., GeneXpert)


Recognizing High-Risk Populations and Warning Signs (3:50) 


  • Individuals with weakened immune systems, or who have had contact with TB-positive individuals, must be extra vigilant 

  • Early detection is critical to both preventing spread and minimizing complications 


Stigma: The Invisible Barrier (5:03) 


  • TB is often unfairly associated with social marginalization, poverty, and diseases like HIV/AIDS 

  • Stigma can delay testing, diagnosis, and treatment—ultimately worsening outcomes 

  • Dr. Gupta stresses the need for community-wide sensitization: 

    • School-based programs 

    • Community education 

    • Non-judgmental healthcare interactions 

    • Protecting patient confidentiality and dignity 


Post-Treatment Health Risks (7:30)


  • Even after completing treatment, patients may face long-term health issues such as: 

    • Lung scarring and fibrosis 

    • Bronchiectasis (permanent lung airway damage) 

    • Reduced lung capacity 

    • Pleural complications like pneumothorax or pleural effusion 

  • Risks are higher in those who do not complete their treatment properly 


Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Adjustments (8:44) 


  • Adherence to full TB treatment is paramount 

  • Additional preventive strategies include: 

    • Using masks, especially in crowded areas 

    • Ensuring good home ventilation 

    • Disposing of sputum safely 

    • Screening household contacts 

    • Healthy lifestyle: proper nutrition, hygiene, and rest 


Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (10:40) 


  • TB treatment can last 6 months or more, often isolating patients and straining their mental health 

  • Dr. Gupta highlights the need for: 

    • Emotional support from peers and family 

    • Community-led support groups 

    • Assistance for patients from lower socio-economic backgrounds with diagnostics, medication, and nutrition 

    • Reminder systems to encourage treatment adherence 


The Family's Role in Healing (12:29) 


  • Families are vital in TB recovery, offering both emotional and practical support 

  • Best practices include: 

    • Respecting isolation protocols without shaming the patient 

    • Encouraging medicine compliance 

    • Promoting hygienic practices and shared responsibility for follow-ups 

    • Ensuring other family members are also screened and protected 


Global Commitment and Future Steps (14:09) 


  • Dr. Gupta emphasizes that India’s battle against TB is part of a global commitment 

  • Key actions needed: 

    • Strengthen healthcare systems and infrastructure 

    • Invest in research, especially for vaccine development 

    • Improve access to rapid diagnostics 

    • Address socio-economic barriers—poverty, housing, nutrition 

    • Foster collaboration between policymakers, healthcare workers, researchers, and private sector 



About Dr. Monica Gupta: 


Dr. Monica Gupta is a Senior Consultant in Pulmonology and Internal Medicine at Samvedna Hospital, Varanasi, India. With extensive experience in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases, she brings a holistic approach to patient care. Dr. Gupta is also highly proficient in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. 



Relevant links: 


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